He hanganga hou tēnei, i whakaahuatia nei i ngā tau e huringa ana. Ka whakamahi ia i ngā tohutohu optika, meka rānei, me ngā whirinaki hiko i te mahi a te whakairo matihiko ki te whakawhanake i te wehi o te whakairo matihiko. Ki te whakauru i te whakairo matihiko ki roto i te marau, ka taea te āheitenga noa i te waenganui o nga wāhi. Tērā pea, ka whai take anō hoki te whakaaturanga o te hunga matihiko mō te whakairo matihiko.
He aha te whakairo matihiko?
Te whakairo matihiko, i tōna iti, he whakamahere i ngā pūnaha hei whakakī i ngā kanohi tangata hei whakamātau me te whakatau. Ka whakamahi ia i te komiputa hei whakarite i te wehi kanohi o te tangata, hei whakapakari i te korero i runga i te whakaahua o nga mea noa, hei whakahaere, me te whakaae, ka whakamahia noa atu hei whakamātau, hei whakamātau, me te whakahaere. Ko nga wāhanga matua e whai ake nei o te whakairo matihiko ko: te maramatanga, te pūkaha, te kāmera, te kāri whakapakari whakaahua, me te puretaki whakairo.
Te hanganga e puta mai nei i tēnei he hanganga whatu māhina, he wāhanga rorohiko whakapūmau e hāpai ana i te mātauranga hunga matihiko, te ngahau-rorohiko, te mātai ā-mata, te mātauranga rorohiko, te whakatika kōwhaiwairua, te whakamātau pūnaha me etahi atu wāhanga. He mea nui ake o te hanganga whatu māhina he waenganui ki te wehe, he nui rawa te mīharo me te maha o ngā mahi.
Te whakaawhiwhiwhi i te whatu māhina
Kua hīmatahia te rangahau i te whakaaro matihiko i te mutunga o te 1960 rānei e te kaiwhakangungu Amerika, L.R. Roberts, i te kaupapa o te mōhiotanga i te ao hangarau e whai ana i ngā tahuhu polyhedrons. Nā ngā momo hanga e whakamahi ana i tēnā wā, pērā i te puretu mua, te tirohia i ngā taha, te hanga i ngā rārangi taha, te hanga i ngā momo take me te whakauru, kua whakamahi i aua i te whakaaro matihiko. I te 1970, kua hanga te whakaaro matihiko he takurua nui atu o ngā ratonga rangahau: ① te puretu o ngā whakaahua hei ārahitanga i te taumata; ② te algorithma paralel o te puretu me te whakaatu i ngā whakaahua; ③ te whakahua i ngā korero 3D mai i ngā whakaahua 2D; ④ te tūtohi i ngā whakaahua raupapa me te whakaaetanga i ngā paerewa kawe; ⑤ te whakaatu i ngā mōhiotanga matihiko; ⑥ te pūtaiao matihiko o te raraunga.
He aha ngā raruraru o te hoahoa whakaaro matihiko?
Tuatahi: te tiromiti o te māharahara
Kei ngā tono whakaaro māngai, e whā ngā kāwanatanga o nōnā rānei te tuku: whakamahi, whakamātau, whakapono me te whakarite. I waenganui, ko te whakamātau he mea nui rawa te whakapūmau i te mārama. Ki te pērā i te mārama ka huri i te 10-20%, ka tae atu te paunga ki te 1-2 pikita. Kāore he take motuhake a te karaehe, he hurihuri ake i te tūranga o te kīwaha, ā, kāore anō te karaehe pai rawa e āhei ana ki te whakatika i tēnei. Ki te whakatika i te take, me whakakore i te whiuwhiu o te ao tuatahi mai i te whakaaturanga a te rangahau, me whakapai hoki i te whakapūmau o te mārama i runga i te puhipuhi. Nō reira, me whakapai anō hoki i te whakatere o te kamera i roto i te whakapai i te wāwara me te whakangungu i te ao tuatahi. Hei tauira, ko te whatitanga o te kamera i mua, ko te 10um tētahi pikita, engari ka whakapai i te whakatere, ka huri ki te 5um. Ka whakapai kē te wāwara, me te whakapai hoki i te whakangungu i te ao tuatahi.
Tuarua, te korenga o te tūranga o te mahi
Mōhio ana, ko te tuarua hoko o te kaupapa matua, ahakoa he whakamātau i raro rānei he whakamātau i runga, mēnā he tūtohi ake tino whakaaetia, ko te tuarua hoko he hiki i te taumata ki te tirohia. I te wā e kitea ana te mea ki te tirohanga, me mohio pai ki whea i reira te mea ki te tirohanga. Ahakoa i te whakamahi i ētahi tohu meka, kaore i taea te tiakina i te mea kia tae ki te tūranga nui i ia wā. Ko tēnei ka hiahia ki te whakamahi i te whakangāwangawanga. Mēnā ka pēhea te whakangāwanga, ka pēhea hoki te tūranga o te tūtohi, ka nui noa atu te whakaputu.
Tuatoru: whakarite
I raro i tēnei, ko ngā whakarite e hiahiatia nei mō te tirohanga matatau: 1) whakaritenga o te whakamutunga optika (kaore he hē ki te kore koe i te whakamahi i te lens mata, me whakarite), ā, (2) te whakaritenga o te whakamutunga tuarua, arā, te whakaū i ngā whakamutunga kōwhai i waihangahia e te hapa o te tūranga whakainu, me te whakarite i ngā kōara aha, arā, he tātari i ngā taioho o te rohe kōara.
Kāti, ko ngā algoritama whakarite o nāianei kei runga i te whakarite poraka. Ki te kore te pūtaiao e tirohia ana kia poroiti, ka hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā algoritma ā-wāhanga hei whakarite, kaore i taea e ngā algoritma whakarite noa.
Ā, ko ētahi atu momo whakarite ka hokona te whakamahi i te papanui whakarite, nā reira kaore i taea te whakarite i runga i ngā algoritma whakarite e mau nei i roto i te rapu.
Tehau: te rahinga o te mea
Ki te kāore te mea e whakamatau nei i te noho pūmau, engari kei te hīkoi, kāore te wāhanga o te whakaahua hei tautohu i te hīkoi (pikita whakamātau = ngāwhi hīkoi o te mea * wā whakaputuira o te kāmera), ko tēnā kaore i whakatikaia e te rapunga rorohiko.
Tahi, te wāhanga o te tautohu o te rapunga
Kei roto i te tono tautohu, ka taea noa iho te wāhanga o te rapunga hei whakaarohia hei 1/2-1/4 pikita, ā, he pai rawa te whakamahi i te 1/2 ki ngā tono whakaputa, nō te mea ka whiwhi te rapunga iti atu i ngā taupokihanga mai i te whakaahua.
Te whakahaere me te whakamahi i Aotearoa
Kei te whakāwatea e ngā kaiwhakaaro rite i a rātou, ko te whakapakari i mua o te whangaia ki ngā matihiko, nō reira i tū tonu ki runga i te Tiamana me te Poutokomanawa me te Nihon. Ki te hurihia ngā tuhituhinga o te whatu i te ao ki te Hīnaki, ka tērā te kāwanatanga o te whangaia ki ngā matihiko o te Hīnaki e hangaia nei he wāhi taumata mo ngā kaiwhakapakari matihiko o te ao e noho nei i muri i te Tiamana, te Poutokomanawa me te Nihon. I te Hīnaki, i tūhono mai te whakamahi i ngā matihiko ki te whakawhiti i ngā mātauranga i te tekau tau atu i te 1980. Ko te pūkaha me te whenua āhua he iti o ngā whenua i whakamahia ai ngā matihiko i waenganui i te whakamahi i ngā matihiko, kei reira te nuinga o ngā mahi i tū ki runga i te whakapapa PCB, te whakapapa huia, te whakatupu i ngā take, me ngā take o te pūkorero me ngā take o te pūkorero. He nui te hunga o te whakamahi me te whakapuaki i ngā matihiko i roto i tēnei whenua ki te whakapai i te paetahi me te wehewehe i ngā mahi o ngā take.
I tēnei wā, ko Ingarangi te motu e whai ana i ngā wāhi mōhu hoki o te ao mō te whakamahere kōrero ā-mahi, e āwhina ana i roto i ngā rōpū katoa o te ōhanga whenua, ina: pakihi, mahinga kai, rongoā, takarua, rangi, whakatupuranga, kohurau, whakangaro, porihanga, haumanu, rangahau me ētahi atu rōpū. Ko te rōpū pakihi te rōpū e nui rawa ana i te whakamahi i te kōrero ā-mahi. He take nui ko te mea ko Ingarangi i kitea nei he tuakiri whakapuhuri i te ao hei whakapuhuri i ngā mahi hanga o te ao. Ki te hiahia nui ki te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga me ngā raeti whakamua tērā, kua heke tonu ki Ingarangi ngā raraunga kōrero ā-mahi me ngā whakamahinga matua o te ao.
Kei raro nei te whakamārama iti i ētahi whakamahinga:
1. Tirohanga i te haumaru kai
I te whakahaere o te mahi whakapuaki me te tirohanga ki te pai o te kai hoko, ka noho tikanga kia kite, kia mōhio, ā, kia whakaatu i ngā hapa me ngā take kē i roto i te mahi whakapuaki. Ki te kino nui a tangata ki tana hiahia me tana mōhio, ka ea ia, ka herehere, ā, ka paku tonu, e kuhuna ana i ngā kai hapa ki te paerangi.
Whakamahi i te kīrehe matatū i te tirohanga kai
2. Whakato hei
Whakamātau i te whai wāhi o te whenua hanganga, me te uru whakarite tikanga moni ki te tirohia he mea nui te whakahaere i ngā mahi hanga, ka taea e te pai o ngā whakahaere kaiwhakaatu hangarau. Ki te hiahia ki te whakapai i ngā mahi hanga me te iti i ngā raupapa mōmori, ka riro ētahi atu mahi tangata i roto i te whakahaere me te hanga whenua ki ngā mīhini. Ko te taunga o te whakauru kaiwhakaatu hangarau he whakapai i te pūmau me te whakahaere ake o te hanga. Ki te kore noa i te pai te mahi tangata ki ētahi wāhi mahi kino, rānei ko te kore raweke o te kaiwhakaatu tangata, ka whakamahia te whakaatu mīhini hei whakatūpūtia i te whakaatu tangata; tēnā anō hoki, ki te hanga i te mahi nui o te whenua hanga, ko te pai o te whakamātau kaiwhakaatu tangata he iti, ko te rangitikanga he raru, ka taea e te whakaatu mīhini te whakapai i te mahi hanga me te whakahaere ake o te hanga. Nā reira, ko te whakauru kaiwhakaatu mīhini te wāhanga pai ki te whakatūpū i te rono mōhio, ko tēnā he hangarau matua mō te hanga mōhio ā-rorohiko.
I te wā paihikara, e āhei ana ngā whakahaere mīhini kia mahi i te tirohanga whakarite moana, tupeka hau me era atu. Ki te whakamahi i te whakahaere mīhini, ka taea te kite i te ahi me te hau i roto i ngā whare pūnaha me ngā nohonga mahi i te wā tika. Ko te whakamahi i te hunga whakamatakitaki wāhine me te whakaritenga wāhine i roto i ngā whakahaere mīhini, ka taea e ngā whenua whakangungu i te whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā takere me ngā tahuhu, ka whakaretihia te taumata whakahaere, ka heke i ngā utu whakahaere.
3. Pūraho rāwhiti, tirotiro huarahi
I ngā tau whai muri, ko te whakahaere i ngā whenua hou e whai ake nei i te wā kua horahia ngā rohe rarahi hou ki te kāwhanga o te whakaaro whakamīharo. Ki runga i te marae o te uruao, ka whakamahi ngā kaihanga pūtahi me ngā kaihanga mounga ki te whakaaro whakamīharo hei tirohia ngā mahi, hei whakautu, hei whai take i ngā mahi me te whakapuaki i ngā mahi. Ki runga i te marae o te tiro haerenga, ka whai pāngarau whakatikanga tokoiti me te tiro whakaahua ka whai ake nei i te whakaae i ngā tokoiti, ka hokihaetia ngā waipāhi kore, ka hokiwhakamurihia, me te hokiwhakamōhio i ngā motokā haere i te haerenga. Ko ēnei atu he wāhi nui noa iho mō te hunga whakamīharo ki te marae o te tirotiro puhipuhi, te tirotiro puhipuhi, te tirotiro puhipuhi, te tirotiro puhipuhi, me te tirotiro puhipuhi o ngā awa.
Ngā whāinga whai ake o te kāwhangatanga
Ko te whenua o te hanganga noa i kitea i te whakarereke hou, ko te whaiwhai me te whirinaki anō hei whakatū mahi nui ki te whenua o Ngā Hītori a te Rautaki Tūmatanui o Aotearoa. Ko te kīwaha matihiko, hei mea nui pūmau i roto i te rautaki tūmatanui, he nui rawa te kaitohutohu whakamua mō ngā rā e heke mai.
I ngā tau o mua, kei te hokihoki ngā kaihangau ā-mata o Aotearoa me ngā kaihangau OEM ki ngā nui atu o ngā wāhi hanga tūmatanui hei whakaeke i te mahi ringa-ringa hei whakautu i te nui ake o te kakama mahi i Aotearoa, ka tae ki te akoranga i ngā tau e heke nei. Kei te whiriwhiri ngā pūtake o Tawhiti ki te whakapai i te paetahi o te tūmatanui, ko te whakatū tūmatanui anō ka tae atu i ngā tau 2-3 e heke nei, ka hua atu he momo whakauru hou mo te whakamahi o ngā kīwaha matihiko i roto i tēnei rautaki.
Ki te ahunga whakamārama whakariterite i roto i te whenua, ka whai wawe tonu te rahi o te kāwanatanga o ngā mahi whakariki ā-motoro o Ingarangi, ka piki ki te 300 miliona yuan i te tau 2015, ki te 3.8 miliona yuan i te tau 2016, me te 500 miliona taunaki Amerika i te tau 2018. Nā ngā huarahi hou ā-pūkaha i marangai mai e te kāwanatanga whakariki ā-motoro o te ao kua hangaia he tūmomo whakaaetanga mō ngā kaihanga iwi.
Ko tēnei tuhinga i puta mai i te rorohiko. Kua whakaaturia anō hei whakapuakitanga mātauranga, hei whai painga mā te ako me te rangahau. Ko tēnā hei tukutahi ā-wāhanga kore utu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi rorohiko, ā, ko tēnā hei tohu i te kaituhi me te matenga. Mēnā kei te mōhio te urupare atu rānei, te whakawhiti kōrero rānei, ka whakapiri ake tēnei tūmatawhiti i te take, mēnā kei te mōhio te urupare atu rānei, te whakawhiti kōrero rānei, ka whakakona atu i ināianei.
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